A group of researchers, spearheaded by a scientist of Indian descent, has identified a novel function of a protein that holds potential for the treatment of age-related conditions. The research team from McMaster University in Canada has uncovered a previously unrecognized role of a protein that protects cells, which may pave the way for innovative approaches to combat age-related diseases and promote healthier aging.The findings, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reveal that cells can produce proteins incorrectly, leading to a compromised or overwhelmed cleanup process. This malfunction can result in protein aggregation, which has been associated with detrimental accumulations linked to diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Professor Bhagwati Gupta, who oversaw the research, explained that when cells are under stress due to the onset of protein aggregation, the endoplasmic reticulum—the site of protein synthesis and release—receives signals to halt protein production. The research team identified that a specific group of protective proteins, referred to as MANF, is integral to maintaining cellular efficiency and functionality. Prior investigations have indicated that MANF serves a protective role against heightened cellular stress.
To explore the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, the researchers utilized the microscopic organism C. elegans as their model. They developed a method to adjust the levels of MANF within these worms. Their findings revealed that MANF is crucial for the cellular degradation process, facilitating the breakdown of accumulated proteins, which in turn promotes healthier and more organized cells. Furthermore, elevated levels of MANF were found to activate an intrinsic cellular cleaning mechanism, thereby enhancing the longevity and performance of the cells.”While our study concentrated on worms, the implications of our findings suggest broader biological processes. MANF is found across all animal species, including humans. We are uncovering essential and mechanistic insights that could eventually be applied to more complex biological systems,” stated Shane Taylor, who is currently a post-doctoral fellow at the University of British Columbia.Researchers are focused on advancing MANF as a potential therapeutic option by investigating its interactions with various cellular components. Gupta stated that understanding MANF’s function in maintaining cellular homeostasis indicates its potential for developing treatments for diseases impacting the brain and other bodily systems. This could be achieved by targeting specific cellular processes, facilitating the removal of toxic aggregates within cells, and promoting overall cellular health.
